Electric vehicle charging station with multilevel charging infrastructure and hybrid solar-battery-diesel generation incorporating comfort of drivers

Electric vehicle charging station is connected to the distribution network and it is equipped with battery energy storage system, diesel generator, and solar panels. The three-level charging facility including fast, medium, and slow speed chargers is incorporated and optimally designed. The proposed model optimizes the rated power of charging facilities, power and capacity of battery energy storage system, hourly operation of diesel generator, and hourly operation of battery energy storage system. The capacity of charging station (i.e., number of parking slots) and level of network reinforcement are modeled and optimized. The uncertainties of the parameters are also involved. The results demonstrate that the proposed model successfully utilizes all available options to design electric vehicle charging station.