期刊
BIOMOLECULES
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom10010048
关键词
extracellular vesicles; regenerative medicine; biomaterials; stem cells
资金
- UC Davis School of Medicine Dean's Fellowship
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U54HL119893]
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1 TR001860]
- NIH [5R01NS100761-02, R03HD091601-01]
- Shriners Hospitals for Children research grants [85119-NCA-18, 87200-NCA-19, 85108-NCA-19]
- March of Dimes Foundation Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award [5FY1682]
Long thought of to be vesicles that primarily recycled waste biomolecules from cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have proven their potential as mediators of cell proliferation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis, and are currently being used as treatments for a variety of diseases and injuries. They are now being used in combination with a variety of more traditional biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies to stimulate tissue repair and wound healing. However, the clinical translation of EVs has been greatly slowed due to difficulties in EV isolation and purification, as well as their limited yields and functional heterogeneity. Thus, a field of EV engineering has emerged in order to augment the natural properties of EVs and to recapitulate their function in semi-synthetic and synthetic EVs. Here, we have reviewed current technologies and techniques in this growing field of EV engineering while highlighting possible future applications for regenerative medicine.
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