Crystallographic evidence for β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation facilitating the improvement of antioxidant activity of tea (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin

Single-crystal X-ray analysis to 0.6A resolution using synchrotron radiation of the inclusion complexes of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with (+)-catechin (CA) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) has been carried out to gain atomistic insight into how the inclusion complexation helps to improve tea catechin antioxidant activity. The beta-CD-CA complex crystallizes in the monoclinic P21 space group, whereas the beta-CD-EC complex crystallizes in both the monoclinic P21 and triclinic P1 space groups. In comparing the inclusion structures, the beta-CD-EC dimeric structure having higher numbers of 0 H 0 hydrogen bonds combined with pi...pi interactions is associated with its greater interaction energy, as derived from DFT/B3LYP single point energy calculations. Detailed structural analysis of the CA, EC conformation and inclusion geometry reveals that the interplay of the intermolecular OH 0 hydrogen bond stabilized catechol moiety and the protection of OH groups in the beta-CD cavity plays a key role in the improvement of antioxidant capacity upon inclusion complexation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.