期刊
MOVEMENT ECOLOGY
卷 8, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-0191-3
关键词
Horn shark; Area restricted search; Activity patterns; Behavioral thermoregulation
类别
资金
- USC Wrigley Graduate Fellowship
- Donald R. Nelson Behavior Research Award
- Richard B. Loomis Graduate Research Grant
- Southern California Academy of Sciences Research Grant
- Southern California Tuna Club Grant
- Dr. Donald J Reish Grant
- AltaSea
- International Women's Fishing Association Scholarship
Background California horn sharks (Heterodontus francisci) are nocturnally active, non-obligate ram ventilating sharks in rocky reef habitats that play an important ecological role in regulating invertebrate communities. We predicted horn sharks would use an area restricted search (ARS) movement strategy to locate dense resource patches while minimizing energetic costs of travel and nighttime activity. As ectotherms, we predicted environmental temperature would play a significant role in driving movement and activity patterns. Methods Continuous active acoustic tracking methods and acceleration data loggers were used to quantify the diel fine-scale spatial movements and activity patterns of horn sharks. First passage time was used to identify the scale and locations of patches indicative of ARS. Activity was assessed using overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) as a proxy for energy expenditure. Behavior within a patch was characterized into three activity patterns: resting, episodic burst activity, and moderate, consistent activity. Results After resting in daytime shelters, individuals travelled to multiple reefs throughout the night, traversing through depths of 2-112 m and temperatures of 10.0-23.8 degrees C. All sharks exhibited area restricted search patch use and arrived at their first patch approximately 3.4 +/- 2.2 h (mean +/- SD) after sunset. Sharks exhibited moderate, consistent activity in 54% of the patches used, episodic burst activity in 33%, and few (13%) were identified as resting at night. ODBA peaked while sharks were swimming through relatively deeper (similar to 30 m), colder channels when traversing from one patch to the next. There was no consistent pattern between ODBA and temperature. Conclusions We provide one of the largest fine-scale, high-resolution paired data sets for an elasmobranch movement ecology study. Horn sharks exhibited ARS movement patterns for various activity patterns. Individuals likely travel to reefs known to have profitable and predictable patches, potentially tolerating less suitable environmental temperatures. We demonstrate how gathering high-resolution information on the movement decisions of a community resident enhances knowledge of community structure and overall ecosystem function.
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