期刊
CELLS
卷 9, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells9020309
关键词
pancreatic cancer; oncogene; tumor suppressor; signaling pathway; tumor microenvironment; targeted therapy
类别
资金
- Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) [IG 18622, IG 23719, 5 x 1000 12182]
- Ricerca Finalizzata 2016 grant through the Italian Ministry of Health
- Nastro Viola association
- Voglio il Massimo association
- AIRC fellowship for Italy
The threatening notoriety of pancreatic cancer mainly arises from its negligible early diagnosis, highly aggressive progression, failure of conventional therapeutic options and consequent very poor prognosis. The most important driver genes of pancreatic cancer are the oncogene KRAS and the tumor suppressors TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. Although the presence of few drivers, several signaling pathways are involved in the oncogenesis of this cancer type, some of them with promising targets for precision oncology. Pancreatic cancer is recognized as one of immunosuppressive phenotype cancer: it is characterized by a fibrotic-desmoplastic stroma, in which there is an intensive cross-talk between several cellular (e.g., fibroblasts, myeloid cells, lymphocytes, endothelial, and myeloid cells) and acellular (collagen, fibronectin, and soluble factors) components. In this review; we aim to describe the current knowledge of the genetic/biological landscape of pancreatic cancer and the composition of its tumor microenvironment; in order to better direct in the intrinsic labyrinth of this complex tumor type. Indeed; disentangling the genetic and molecular characteristics of cancer cells and the environment in which they evolve may represent the crucial step towards more effective therapeutic strategies
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