期刊
CANCERS
卷 12, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020298
关键词
cancer; extracellular vesicles; biogenesis; function; clinical implications
类别
资金
- POC Grant, Competitively Operational Program, 2014-2020 [35/01.09.2016, 103375]
- Funding Agency-Ministry of Research and Innovation PNCDI III 2015-2020 Increasing the performance of scientific research and technology transfer in translational medicine through the formation of a new generation of young researchers-ECHITAS [9PFE/18.10.2018]
- [CNFIS-FDI-2019-0666]
Critical processes such as growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells are sustained via bidirectional cell-to-cell communication in tissue complex environments. Such communication involves the secretion of soluble factors by stromal cells and/or cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Both stromal and cancer cells have been shown to export bilayer nanoparticles: encapsulated regulatory molecules that contribute to cell-to-cell communication. These nanoparticles are known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) being classified into exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs carry a vast repertoire of molecules such as oncoproteins and oncopeptides, DNA fragments from parental to target cells, RNA species (mRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNA), and lipids, initiating phenotypic changes in TME. According to their specific cargo, EVs have crucial roles in several early and late processes associated with tumor development and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs are being investigated for their implication in early cancer detection, monitoring cancer progression and chemotherapeutic response, and more relevant, the development of novel targeted therapeutics. In this study, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the biophysical properties and physiological functions of EVs, their implications in TME, and highlight the applicability of EVs for the development of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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