Green synthesis and characterization of tin dioxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic and antimicrobial studies

The tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) were fabricated via eco-friendly process using Daphne mucronata (D. mucronata) leaves extract as capping and reducing agent. The N-2 adsorption/desorption experiment was performed to determine the surface area by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and S-BET was found to be 147 m(2) g(-1). The crystalline nature and lattice parameter was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and calculated crystallite size is 15.63 nm. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the estimated average particle size is 64 nm. The percentage composition and purity of the SnO2 NPs was determined by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). The raman active modes were identified by using raman spectroscopy while functional groups upon the surface were studied by using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of SnO2 NPs was examined against Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 99.70% rhodamine 6G (R6G) were degraded in 390 min with the degradation rate of 0.0148 per min. The SnO2 NPs were screened against the selected microorganisms and the order of antimicrobial activity is given as; Gram negative bacteria (GNB) > Gram positive bacteria (GPB) > fungi.