期刊
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
卷 10, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app10051765
关键词
WRF-ARW model; Upper Indus Basin; Karakoram region; Pakistan; climate change
类别
资金
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Investigating the trends in the major climatic variables over the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) region is difficult for many reasons, including highly complex terrain with heterogeneous spatial precipitation patterns and a scarcity of gauge stations. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was applied to simulate the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation and temperature over the Indus Basin from 2000 through 2015 with boundary conditions derived from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data. The WRF model was configured with three nested domains (d01-d03) with horizontal resolutions increasing inward from 36 km to 12 km to 4 km horizontal resolution, respectively. These simulations were a continuous run with a spin-up year (i.e., 2000) to equilibrate the soil moisture, snow cover, and temperature at the beginning of the simulation. The simulations were then compared with TRMM and station data for the same time period using root mean squared error (RMSE), percentage bias (PBIAS), mean bias error (MBE), and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the precipitation and temperature simulations were largely improved from d01 to d03. However, WRF tended to overestimate precipitation and underestimate temperature in all domains. This study presents high-resolution climatological datasets, which could be useful for the study of climate change and hydrological processes in this data-sparse region.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据