期刊
MOLECULAR AUTISM
卷 11, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0309-x
关键词
Twins; Repetitive behaviors; Neuroanatomy; Sex differences; Autism
资金
- Swedish Research Council
- Vinnova
- FORTE
- Swedish Brain foundation (Hjarnfonden)
- Stockholm Brain Institute
- Autism and Asperger Association Stockholm
- Queen Silvia Jubilee Fund
- Solstickan Foundation
- PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry
- Pediatric Research Foundation at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital
- Sallskapet Barnavard
- Jerring Foundation
- Swedish Order of Freemasons
- Kempe-Carlgrenska Foundation
- Sunnderdahls Handikappsfond
- Galostiftelsen
- Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) [115300]
Background Females with autism spectrum disorder have been reported to exhibit fewer and less severe restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests compared to males. This difference might indicate sex-specific alterations of brain networks involved in autism symptom domains, especially within cortico-striatal and sensory integration networks. This study used a well-controlled twin design to examine sex differences in brain anatomy in relation to repetitive behaviors. Methods In 75 twin pairs (n = 150, 62 females, 88 males) enriched for autism spectrum disorder (n = 32), and other neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 32), we explored the association of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests-operationalized by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (C domain) and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior subscale)-with cortical volume, surface area and thickness of neocortical, sub-cortical, and cerebellar networks. Results Co-twin control analyses revealed within-pair associations between RRBI symptoms and increased thickness of the right intraparietal sulcus and reduced volume of the right orbital gyrus in females only, even though the mean number of RRBIs did not differ between the sexes. In a sub-sample of ASD-discordant pairs, increased thickness in association with RRBIs was found exclusively in females in the orbitofrontal regions, superior frontal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus, while in males RRBIs tended to be associated with increased volume of the bilateral pallidum. Limitations However, due to a small sample size and the small difference in RRBI symptoms within pairs, the results of this exploratory study need to be interpreted with caution. Conclusions Our findings suggest that structural alterations of fronto-parietal networks in association with RRBIs are found mostly in females, while striatal networks are more affected in males. These results endorse the importance of investigating sex differences in the neurobiology of autism symptoms, and indicate different etiological pathways underlying restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in females and males.
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