期刊
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
卷 11, 期 12, 页码 3911-3933出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001831
关键词
E3SM; EAMv1; nudging; hindcast
资金
- Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project
- ACME-SM: A Global Climate Model Software Modernization Surge project - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
- U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
Nudging is a simulation technique widely used in sensitivity studies and in the evaluation of atmosphere models. Care is needed in the experimental setup in order to achieve the desired constraint on the simulated atmospheric processes without introducing undue intervention. In this study, sensitivity experiments are conducted with the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model Version 1 (EAMv1) to identify setups that can give results representative of the model's long-term climate and meanwhile reasonably capture characteristics of the observed meteorological conditions to facilitate the comparison of model results with measurements. We show that when the prescribed meteorological conditions are temporally interpolated to the model time to constrain EAM's horizontal winds at each time step, a nudged simulation can reproduce the characteristic evolution of the observed weather events (especially in middle and high latitudes) as well as the model's long-term climatology, although nudging also leads to nonnegligible regional changes in wind-driven aerosol emissions, low-level clouds in the stratocumulus regime, and cloud and precipitation near the maritime continent. Compared to its predecessor model used in an earlier study, EAMv1 is less sensitive to temperature nudging, although significant impacts on the cloud radiative effects still exist. EAMv1 remains very sensitive to humidity nudging. Constraining humidity substantially improves the correlation between the simulated and observed tropical precipitation but also leads to large changes in the long-term statistics of the simulated precipitation, clouds, and aerosol lifecycle.
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