Effects of ultrasonic irradiation on crystallization kinetics, morphological and structural properties of zeolite FAU

In this work, NaX zeolite was synthesized and the effect of ultrasound irradiation on reaction kinetics, morphological and structural properties was investigated. Ultrasound was applied, by using a plate transducer (91.8 kHz), for the first time during the crystallization of zeolite NaX, at high temperature, varying the irradiation moment and its duration. Furthermore, ultrasound was applied after the crystallization by a horn-type transducer (20-24 kHz) at low temperature. The effects of irradiated volume (100-300 mL), sonication time (2-10 min) and ultrasound power (10-200 W) were studied with a power intensity up to 100 W/cm(2). It was found that the application of ultrasound during the first hour of crystallization resulted in 20% reduction of reaction time compared to a standard crystallization. Ultrasound can also reduce the agglomeration degree of the final powder by combining high power and long sonication time. After 5 min sonication time at 0.3 W/mL, the tapped density of the powder was increased by 10%, from 0.37 to 0.41 g/mL. Finally, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was demonstrated that ultrasound can disrupt the agglomerates without affecting the morphology of individual crystals.