Algal cells harvesting using cost-effective magnetic nano-particles

Innovative iron-based nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and tested for the first time for harvesting single and mixed algal culture from real wastewater. The tailor-made magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs; Fe-MNP-I and Fe-MNP-II) achieved a percentage algae harvesting efficiency (%AHE) higher than 95% using a concentration of MNPs (CMNP) of 25 +/- 0.3 (std. dev = 0.08) mg.L-1, mixing speed (M-speed) of 120 +/- 2 (std. dev = 0.10) rpm, short contact time (C-t) of 7 +/- 0.1 (std. dev = 0.05) min and separation time (SPt) of 3 +/- 0.1 (std. dev = 0.09) min. The optimum operational conditions for harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris (C.v) were determined at (CMNP = 40 +/- 0.4 (std. dev = 0.5) g(MNPs).L-1, SPt = 2.5 +/- 0.4 (std. dev = 0.1) min, M-speed = 145 +/- 3 (std. dev = 1.50) rpm and C-t = 5 +/- 0.3 (std. dev = 0.10) min using surface response methodology. Langmuir model describes better the adsorption behavior of algae-Fe-MNP-I system, while both Langmuir and Freundlich fit well the adsorption behavior of algae-Fe-MNP-II. The maximum adsorption capacity of Spirulina platensis (SP.PL) (18.27 +/- 0.07 (std. dev = 0.19) mg(DWC).mg(particles)(-1)) was higher than that for Chlorella vulgaris (C.v) (11.52 +/- 0.01 (std. dev = 0.34) mg(DWC).mg(particles)(-1)) andmixed algal culture (M.X) (17.20 +/- 0.07 (std. dev = 0.54) mg(DWC).mg(particles) (-1)) over Fe-MNP-I. Zeta potential measurements revealed that the adsorption mechanism between MNPs and algal strains is controlled by electrostatic interaction. The synthesized MNPs were recycled 10 times using alkaline-ultrasonic regeneration procedure. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.