Bioplastics: Missing link in the era of Microplastics

Concerns about microplastics (MPs) environmental behavior and accumulation are growing at global scale and meanwhile, the attention to employ bioplastics for replacing conventional plastics is increasing. The research priority for a better understanding of the fate and potential impacts of MPs from bioplastics is of utmost importance. However, the investigations on the effects of bioplastics in terms of MPs are still limited and largely unknown. In this discussion, the current knowledge of MPs is timely highlighted to incorporate biodegradable MPs in the ongoing researches. Recent studies have identified that some biodegradable MPs exhibit same effect as conventional type MPs. Furthermore, we performed a simple degradation experiment and found that polyhydroxyalkanoate films formed MPs in water environment alike other biodegradable and conventional plastics sharing common research interests. In an effort to promote investigations, we recommend the knowledge gaps identified on bioplastics MPs: understanding the timeframe of disintegration and degradation of developing bioplastics; ensuring degradability and less persistence; promoting toxicity tests and potential effects on a wide variety of organisms; promoting attempts to assess the impacts on ecosystems; evaluating the interaction of microorganisms and MPs; working towards identifying novel disposal and collection methods from public to ease recycling and degradation processes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.