期刊
SCIENCE
卷 367, 期 6481, 页码 1030-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3520
关键词
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资金
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) [DE-SC0012704]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science facility [DE-SC0012704]
- Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, of the U.S. DOE
- Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1106400]
- U.S. DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office [DE-SC0012704]
- U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0012704]
- National Science Foundation's Extreme Science and Engineering Development Environment
- National Science Foundation [ACI-1548562]
Fast-charging batteries typically use electrodes capable of accommodating lithium continuously by means of solid-solution transformation because they have few kinetic barriers apart from ionic diffusion. One exception is lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12), an anode exhibiting extraordinary rate capability apparently inconsistent with its two-phase reaction and slow Li diffusion in both phases. Through real-time tracking of Li+ migration using operando electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we reveal that facile transport in Li4+xTi5O12 is enabled by kinetic pathways comprising distorted Li polyhedra in metastable intermediates along two-phase boundaries. Our work demonstrates that high-rate capability may be enabled by accessing the energy landscape above the ground state, which may have fundamentally different kinetic mechanisms from the ground-state macroscopic phases. This insight should present new opportunities in searching for high-rate electrode materials.
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