期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 117, 期 8, 页码 4188-4198出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916858117
关键词
larvacean; left right asymmetry; Ca2+ oscillation; Bmp; chordate
资金
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [24870019, 26840079, 18K06256, 18H04763, 26650079, 15H04377, 16K14735, 17KT0023, 19H03234]
- Inamori Foundation (2015)
- Kato Memorial Research Foundation (2015-2016)
- Sumitomo Foundation (2016-2017)
- Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19H03234, 18K06256, 16K14735, 18H04763, 17KT0023] Funding Source: KAKEN
Larvaceans are chordates with a tadpole-like morphology. In contrast to most chordates of which early embryonic morphology is bilaterally symmetric and the left-right (L-R) axis is specified by the Nodal pathway later on, invariant L-R asymmetry emerges in four-cell embryos of larvaceans. The asymmetric cell arrangements exist through development of the tailbud. The tail thus twists 90 degrees in a counterclockwise direction relative to the trunk, and the tail nerve cord localizes on the left side. Here, we demonstrate that larvacean embryos have nonconventional L-R asymmetries: 1) L- and R-cells of the two-cell embryo had remarkably asymmetric cell fates; 2) Ca2+ oscillation occurred through embryogenesis; 3) Nodal, an evolutionarily conserved left-determining gene, was absent in the genome; and 4) bone morphogenetic protein gene (Bmp) homolog Bmp.a showed right-sided expression in the tailbud and larvae. We also showed that Ca2+ oscillation is required for Bmp.a expression, and that BMP signaling suppresses ectopic expression of neural genes. These results indicate that there is a chordate species lacking Nodal that utilizes Ca(2+ )oscillation and Bmp.a for embryonic L-R patterning. The right-side Bmp.a expression may have arisen via cooption of conventional BMP signaling in order to restrict neural gene expression on the left side.
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