期刊
NATURE
卷 577, 期 7791, 页码 481-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1908-6
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资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WH141/1-1]
- DFG Collaborative Research Centre [SFB 1225]
- Heidelberg Center for Quantum Dynamics
- European Union H2020 FET Proactive project RySQ [640378]
- 'Investissements d'Avenir' programme through the Excellence Initiative of the University of Strasbourg (IdEx)
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Institutional Strategy of the University of Cologne within the German Excellence Initiative [ZUK 81]
- European Research Council [647434]
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS)
- Carl Zeiss Foundation
- Heidelberg Graduate School for Fundamental Physics
Self-organized criticality is an elegant explanation of how complex structures emerge and persist throughout nature(1), and why such structures often exhibit similar scale-invariant properties(2-9). Although self-organized criticality is sometimes captured by simple models that feature a critical point as an attractor for the dynamics(10-15), the connection to real-world systems is exceptionally hard to test quantitatively(16-21). Here we observe three key signatures of self-organized criticality in the dynamics of a driven-dissipative gas of ultracold potassium atoms: self-organization to a stationary state that is largely independent of the initial conditions; scale-invariance of the final density characterized by a unique scaling function; and large fluctuations of the number of excited atoms (avalanches) obeying a characteristic power-law distribution. This work establishes a well-controlled platform for investigating self-organization phenomena and non-equilibrium criticality, with experimental access to the underlying microscopic details of the system. A driven-dissipative gas of ultracold potassium atoms is used to demonstrate three key signatures of self-organized criticality, and provides a system in which the phenomenon can be experimentally tested.
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