Biomedical applications of ionic liquid mediated samarium oxide nanoparticles by Andrographis paniculata leaves extract

Green synthesis of 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (IL) assisted rare earth samarium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was done using Andrographis paniculata leaves extract by hydrothermal method. The crystallinity, particle size and morphology of the IL assisted Samarium oxide (IL-Sm2O3) NPs were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The average particle sizes of 30-50 nm were identified by SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. The chemical elements and states with their corresponding binding energy values on the prepared IL-Sm2O3 NPs were identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The various functional groups such as Sm-O and COO- were identified by FTIR and laser Raman spectroscopy. The optical behaviors of IL-Sm2O3 NPs were characterized by UV-Vis and photoluminescence studies. The positive biological activities of IL-Sm2O3 NPs were proved from antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory studies. The anti-inflammatory activity was detected using bovine serum and EGG albumin denaturation assay at different concentrations with standard drugs. It was found that the antioxidant activity of IL assisted Sm2O3 NPs has a higher impact than the antioxidant activity of Vitamin C.