Synergistic benefits of Nicotine and Thymol in alleviating experimental rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose: Given to the anti-inflammatory effect of Nicotine and Thymol, this study was done to evaluate the effects of co-administration of Nicotine and Thymol on the clinical aspects, and immunity responses in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced RA in Wistar rat. Methods: The study population contained a total of 50 male Wistar rats with a weight range 150 +/- 7 g, which RA was induced through FCA at them. These animals were randomly allocated into five groups (n= 10): RA rats treated with PBS (100 mg/kg orally), RA rats treated with Thymol (100 mg/kg orally), RA rats treated with Nicotine (2.5mg/kg-orally), and RA rats treated with combined Nicotine and Thymol (half doses with each oneorally). All treatments were initiated at day seven p.i. when all rats showed a clinical score of >= 1. Clinical symptoms of the disease were recorded every other day until the day 23 p.i. Results: Obtained data revealed the combination therapy reduced the severity of the disease and improved weight-gaining more profound than each medication alone. Furthermore, combination therapy caused a reduction in some hematological and biochemical RA parameters, such as Rheumatoid factor, C-Reactive Protein, Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase, IL-1, and IL-17 more impressive than each treatment alone. Interestingly, the combination therapy with half doses of Nicotine and Thymol did not have any synergistic advantage in anti-proliferation effect, and therefore immunosuppression side effect compared with using each of agents alone. Conclusion: Collectively, it is possible that combination therapy can be applied as a beneficial strategy to control RA.