Scaling behavior of dynamic hysteresis of PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectric ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary

Due to the feature of domains, ferroelectric materials display hysteresis behavior with respect to the change of the applied electric field. Every ferroelectric material has its own unique hysteresis loop reflecting the information of domain reversal under an electric field. In this work, the scaling behaviors of dynamic hysteresis in relaxor (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-2-xPbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) ceramics with different compositions were studied systemically. Our results showed that the evolution of scaling behavior in PMN-PT ceramics can be divided into three stages, which is independent of the phase structure of the ceramics and the testing electric field frequency. The relationship between hysteresis area and field amplitude E-0 obeys the power law proportional to f alpha E0 beta in the low and high E-0 regions, where the reorientations of 180 degrees and non-180 degrees domain are dominant, respectively. However, the dynamic hysteresis area does not follow the power law in the intermediate E-0 regions, which is attributed to the interaction of different domain reversal mechanisms. Furthermore, the hysteresis area decreases gradually with increasing frequency at a certain E-0 and the time-dependent domain reversal process was also discussed.