Complementary and alternative medicine for alopecia areata: A systematic review

Background: Despite high use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for alopecia areata (AA), efficacy and safety remain unclear. Objective: To identify all CAM therapies studied for treatment of AA. Outcomes of interest included disease course and psychologic well-being. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched to identify English articles containing original data investigating CAM in individuals with AA from 1950-2018. Quality was assessed with Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine criteria. Results: Of 1015 initial citations, 16 articles met inclusion criteria: 5 randomized controlled trials, 5 prospective controlled cohorts, 4 prospective noncontrolled cohorts, 1 retrospective cohort, and 1 case series. CAM therapies with best evidence and efficacy for hair growth in AA include essential oil aromatherapy, topical garlic, and oral glucosides of peony with compound glycyrrhizin. Hypnosis and mindfulness psychotherapy represent low-quality evidence for improvement of psychologic and quality of life outcomes. Adverse events were rare and mild for all therapies evaluated. Limitations: Inconsistent or poorly reported study methodology and nonstandardized outcomes limit the conclusions that can be made from these studies. Conclusions: This work serves to inform physician treatment of patients with AA seeking CAM while encouraging further investigation into these therapies to address some of the therapeutic challenges of AA. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;88:131-43.)

Automated summary

This study identified various complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for the treatment of alopecia areata (AA), including essential oil aromatherapy, topical garlic, and oral glucosides of peony with compound glycyrrhizin. Hypnosis and mindfulness psychotherapy showed low-quality evidence for improvement of psychologic and quality of life outcomes. Adverse events were rare and mild for all therapies evaluated.