Combined X-ray radiotherapy and laser photothermal therapy of melanoma cancer cells using dual-sensitization of platinum nanoparticles

Metal nanostructures are promising agents sensitizing by laser light and X-ray in photothermal therapy (PTT) and radiotherapy (RT) of cancer that improve treatment strategies of cancer. Nanoscale platinum materials are favorable in nanomedicine applications. In this study, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were synthesized and applied for cancer therapy upon 808-nm laser light and X-ray radiation, or their combination. Two power densities of laser (1.0 and 1.5 W cm(-2)) and three X-ray doses (2, 4 and 6 Gy) were selected for irradiation of B16/F10 cell line at 24 and 72 h-post treatment. The synthesized PtNPs had a spherical shape with a diameter of 12.2 +/- 0.7 nm, and were cytocompatible up to 250 mu g( )mL(-1). A photothermal conversion activity in a concentration-dependent manner at 72 h-post treatment was observed. Also, PtNPs represented cytotoxicity upon X-ray radiation doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy after 24 h, while, 72-h time passing led to deeper outcomes. Dual radiation of laser light and X-ray into PtNPs considerably improved the treatment via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PtNPs can act as a novel dual absorber of laser light and X-ray, a common sensitizer, for treatment of cancer. The results of this study can be considered after further clinical investigations for treatment of tumor models.