期刊
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
卷 184, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106592
关键词
Heavy oil; Hydrothermal upgrading; Sub-critical water; Near-critical water; Supercritical water; In-situ upgrading
资金
- Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University
In this study, the hydrothermal upgrading (HTU) of high sulfur-content heavy oil was investigated at sub-critical (Sub-CW), near-critical (NCW) and supercritical water (SCW) conditions. Products obtained after HTU, including gases, liquid, and coke (if formed), were analyzed to understand the upgrading performance at different conditions. At Sub-CW (200, 250, and 300 degrees C), 250 degrees C is the optimum temperature where a viscosity reduction from 2073 to 1758 mPa s was achieved with a slight removal of sulfur (mainly sulfur) and the generation of a small amount of light and non-condensable hydrocarbons in gas phase (C1-C4, isoalkanes and alkenes, H2S, CO2 and H-2, etc.). At NCW (350 degrees C) and SCW (400 degrees C), heavy oil was upgraded into light oil with a significant removal of heteroatoms, an increase of saturates content, a reduction of aromatics, resins and asphaltenes contents, and a high yield of light gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane). Simultaneously, each SARA fraction was also greatly ameliorated: the content of light alkanes with low molecular weight in saturates was increased, diaromatics content in aromatics was increased with a reduction of polyaromatics content, aromatics-type carbon atoms in resins was increased with a decrease in aliphatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, MALDI-TOF measurements of asphaltenes show that the molecular weights of asphaltenes were reduced. All these results indicated that HTU at Sub-CW can be used for heavy oil pre-treatment (in-situ or ex-situ upgrading) considering its main effect of viscosity reduction with a small removal of heteroatoms, while HTU at NCW and SWC has a great potential in insitu and ex-situ upgrading and oil refining as it can convert heavy oil into light oil.
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