期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 40, 期 7, 页码 1538-1548出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2104-19.2019
关键词
prediction; expectation; pain; fMRI; cognitive; bias
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Research Chairs Program
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation Grant
- Nova Scotia Health Authority (NSHA) Establishment Grant
- Dalhousie start-up funds
- Brain Canada Grant
- Radiology Research Fund
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A6A3A03003741]
- NSHA Fibromyalgia Grant
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A6A3A03003741] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Our sensory impressions of pain are generally thought to represent the noxious properties of an agent but can be influenced by the predicted level of threat. Predictions can be sourced from higher-order cognitive processes, such as schemas, but the extent to which schemas can influence pain perception relative to bottom-up sensory inputs and the underlying neural underpinnings of such a phenomenon are unclear. Here, we investigate how threat predictions generated from learning a cognitive schema lead to inaccurate sensory impressions of the pain stimulus. Healthy male and female participants first detected a linear association between cue values and stimulus intensity and rated pain to reflect the linear schema when compared with uncued heat stimuli. The effect of bias on pain ratings was reduced when prediction errors (PEs) increased, but pain perception was only partially updated when measured against stepped increases in PEs. Cognitive, striatal, and sensory regions graded their responses to changes in predicted threat despite the PEs (p < 0.05, corrected). Individuals with more catastrophic thinking about pain and with low mindfulness were significantly more reliant on the schema than on the sensory evidence from the pain stimulus. These behavioral differences mapped to variability in responses of the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Thus, this study demonstrates a significant role of higher-order schemas in pain perception and indicates that pain perception is biased more toward predictions and less toward nociceptive inputs in individuals who report less mindfulness and more fear of pain.
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