Survey and taxonomy of MAC, routing and cross layer protocols using wake-up radio

The challenging constraints to succeed IoT networks are energy efficiency and low latency. These requirements have motivated researchers to design new solutions. In recent years, a novel solution based on the use of wakeup radio (WuR) was proposed to fulfill these requirements. Indeed, many MAC and routing protocols were provided in the literature for this reason. This paper so tries to provide a complete and a detailed review on these protocols. Furthermore, to overcome limitations related to single layer protocols, WuR-based cross-layer design that relies on interactions and coordination between different layers has been proposed. In this context, a new classification of MAC and routing protocols utilizing WuR was also proposed in this paper and the features considered in their designing were studied. In fact, these protocols were broadly classified into two categories: single layer (Only MAC and only routing) and cross layer protocols. Then, WuR-based MAC protocols were divided according to the operation principles of their wake-up circuits, the communication initiator and the addressing scheme used to trigger intended nodes. Scheduling process, number of paths used for data delivery and cost function adapted for the route calculation are the criteria used to classify routing protocols using WuR. Moreover, this paper compares all analyzed protocols and gives insights into their advantages and weaknesses.