Influence of copper addition and heat treatment parameters on nanocrystallization process of Fe-Co-Mo-B-Si amorphous ribbons with high saturation magnetization about 1.6 T

In this paper the influence of copper addition on the formation of the amorphous phase and the nanocrystallization process of Fe79.8-xCO2CuxMO0.2Si4B14 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2) ribbons was described. The formation of crystalline phases was described using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, Mossbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was confirmed that the addition of copper decreases the glass forming ability, while facilitating the process of nanocrystallization. The analysis of the Avrami exponent allowed to state, that for fully amorphous alloys the crystallization of the alpha-Fe phase is associated with diffusion-controlled growth with decreasing nucleation rate and the Fe2B phase with interface controlled growth with increasing nucleation rate. Additionally, with increasing copper addition onset temperature of crystallization of alpha-Fe phase shifts to lower values, whereas for second, Fe2B phase, these changes are not so visible. Optimization of the annealing process of toroidal cores made from amorphous ribbons with different copper content allowed to obtain nanocrystalline, soft magnetic materials characterized by low coercivity similar to 9 A/m and high saturation induction of about 1.6 T. Analysis of transmission electron microscope images and electron diffraction confirmed that high magnetic parameters are related to the coexistence of the amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, which was confirmed also by Mossbauer spectroscopy.