期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 396, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122445
关键词
Antimicrobial; Nanoparticles; Consumer products; Toothbrush; Release
资金
- Searle Leadership Fund
- McCormick Summer Research Award
- Austrian Marshall Plan Scholarship Foundation
- NASA Ames Research Center [NNA06CB93G]
- Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource [NSF ECCS-1542205]
- MRSEC program at the Materials Research Center [NSF DMR-1720139]
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN)
- Keck Foundation
- State of Illinois, through the IIN
- Chemistry for Life Processes Institute
- NU Office for Research
- Rice Foundation
Over the past two decades, Ag and Zn nanoparticles have been integrated into various consumer products as a biocide. While some nano-enabled consumer products have been shown to have antibacterial properties, their antibacterial efficacy as well as the human and environmental health outcomes are not fully known. In this study, we examine a nanoparticle-enabled product that also serves as a conduit for human exposure to bacteria: toothbrushes. We utilize a combination of chemical analyses, laboratory experiments, and microscopy to characterize the nano-enabled toothbrush bristles. Our analysis showed the majority of measured Ag and Zn particles ranged from approximately 50 to 100 nm in size and were located on the surface and within bristles. During simulated brushing, antimicrobial bristles released both Ag and Zn, the majority of which was released in particulate form. While our results demonstrate that antimicrobial bristles have enhanced bactericidal properties compared to control samples, we also show that the surface topography influences nanoparticle retention, microbial adhesion, and bactericidal activity. We thus conclude that Ag or Zn content alone is insufficient to predict antimicrobial properties, which are further governed by the bioavailability of Ag or Zn at the bristle surface.
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