Evaluation of single and combined toxicity of bisphenol A and its analogues using a highly-sensitive micro-biosensor

Bisphenol analogues have been developed as alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), a common chemical with potential adverse effects on human health. It is imperative to perform a fast and sensitive evaluation for the toxicity of these bisphenol analogues. This study introduces a label-free electrochemical biosensor based on a screenprinted electrode modified with the carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube/rhodamine B/gold nanoparticle. Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells were used as the biological recognition agent to detect changes in electrochemical signals and indicate the cell viability. Only 20 mu L of sample was required for detection, which was much lower than that of other conventional electrochemical methods (>= 1 mL). This biosensor was examined for the cytotoxici of BPA, bi henol AF (BPAF bis henol B BP, on-concentra on (IC50) rattles a r 48h Of exposure indicated that the rank order of cytotoxicities was BPAF > BPB > BPA > BPF > BPS. The morphological changes in CIK cells after treatment with various bisphenols were investigated, and the combined toxicities of the- binary- hisphenai mixtures were determined. Potentisity -synergistic and additive effects were observed. These findings provide new insights into the cytotoxicity of bisphenol analogues.