期刊
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
卷 528, 期 7, 页码 1231-1254出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cne.24821
关键词
cell atlas; Cnidaria; evolution; hydra; muscle system; nematocysts; Nematostella; nervous system; sensory cells
资金
- National Science Foundation [1645219, 1548121, 1557923, 1146575]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1557923] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1548121, 1645219] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Cnidaria is the sister taxon to bilaterian animals, and therefore, represents a key reference lineage to understand early origins and evolution of the neural systems. The hydromedusa Aglantha digitale is arguably the best electrophysiologically studied jellyfish because of its system of giant axons and unique fast swimming/escape behaviors. Here, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry together with phalloidin labeling, we systematically characterize both neural and muscular systems in Aglantha, summarizing and expanding further the previous knowledge on the microscopic neuroanatomy of this crucial reference species. We found that the majority, if not all (similar to 2,500) neurons, that are labeled by FMRFamide antibody are different from those revealed by anti-alpha-tubulin immunostaining, making these two neuronal markers complementary to each other and, therefore, expanding the diversity of neural elements in Aglantha with two distinct neural subsystems. Our data uncovered the complex organization of neural networks forming a functional annulus-type central nervous system with three subsets of giant axons, dozen subtypes of neurons, muscles, and a variety of receptors fully integrated with epithelial conductive pathways supporting swimming, escape and feeding behaviors. The observed unique adaptations within the Aglantha lineage (including giant axons innervating striated muscles) strongly support an extensive and wide-spread parallel evolution of integrative and effector systems across Metazoa.
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