Comparison of variable selection methods in partial least squares regression

Through the remarkable progress in technology, it is getting easier and easier to generate vast amounts of variables from a given sample. The selection of variables is imperative for data reduction and for understanding the modeled relationship. Partial least squares (PLS) regression is among the modeling approaches that address high throughput data. A considerable list of variable selection methods has been introduced in PLS. Most of these methods have been reviewed in a recently conducted study. Motivated by this, we have therefore conducted a comparison of available methods for variable selection within PLS. The main focus of this study was to reveal patterns of dependencies between variable selection method and data properties, which can guide the choice of method in practical data analysis. To this aim, a simulation study was conducted with data sets having diverse properties like the number of variables, the number of samples, model complexity level, and information content. The results indicate that the above factors like the number of variables, number of samples, model complexity level, information content and variant of PLS methods, and their mutual higher-order interactions all significantly define the prediction capabilities of the model and the choice of variable selection strategy.