期刊
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
卷 57, 期 4, 页码 654-663出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13585
关键词
biodiversity conservation; crop mosaic; diversity partitioning; farmland; field border; landscape composition; landscape configuration; weed
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- German Ministry of Research and Education
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-11-EBID-0004]
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- German Research Foundation
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
- Agriculture and AgriFood Canada
- French National Research Agency [ANR-11EBID-0004]
- UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
- Environment Canada (EC)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-11-EBID-0004] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effective and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the conservation of farmland plant diversity.
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