Preparation of high-damage threshold WS2 modulator and its application for generating high-power large-energy bright-dark solitons

In this work, WS2 modulator was prepared through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and employed for generating high-power large-energy bright-dark soliton operations within an Er-doped fiber laser. The damage threshold of the WS2 modulator was as high as similar to 0.67 J/cm(2), which showed great improvement. Based on the WS2 modulator, different kinds of bright-dark soliton operations were achieved successfully. The maximum average output power and largest pulse energy were as high as 178.8 mW and 312.2 nJ, respectively. To our knowledge, 178.8 mW and 312.2 nJ were actually the most competitive results of bright-dark soliton operations obtained within Er-doped mode-locked fiber lasers. The significant enhancement of our results prove that WS2 modulator with high damage threshold has great potential in obtaining high-power lager-energy mode-locked fiber lasers and will promote the practical application of mode-locked fiber lasers.