Wireless Breast Localization Using Radio-frequency Identification Tags: The First Reported European Experience in Breast Cancer

Background/Aim: Wire-guided localisation (WGL) has been the mainstay for localisation of clinically occult breast lesions before excision. However, it has restrictive scheduling requirements, and causes patient discomfort. This has prompted the development of various wireless alternatives. In this prospective study we shall evaluate the role of radiation free wireless localisation using a radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag and a hand-held reader (LOCalizer (TM)) in the management of occult breast lesions. Patients and Methods: This technique was evaluated in a prospective cohort of 10 patients. The evaluation focused on: i) successful deployment, ii) identification and retrieval, iii) the status of surgical margins and need for re-operation, iv) resected specimen weight, v) marker migration rates (>5mm), and vi) acceptance by patients, radiologists and surgeons. Results: RFID tags (n=11) were deployed under ultrasound guidance pre-operatively to localise occult breast lesions in 10 patients. The mean time for deployment of the RFID tag was 5.4 min (range=2-20). The mean distance from the lesion was 0.45 mm (range=0-3). The mean duration for retrieval was 10.2 min (range=6-20). Mean specimen weight was 19.6 g for malignant lesions (range=4.5-42). All tags were identified, and none had migrated. There were no positive margins, re-operations, nor complications. Patient feedback was highly positive. Both radiologists and surgeons rated the LOCalizer (TM) technique as better than WGL. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that wireless localisation using RFID is an effective and time-efficient alternative to WGL, with low margin positivity and re-operation rates, and high patient, radiologist and surgeon acceptance.