ARMAR-6: A High-Performance Humanoid for Human-Robot Collaboration in Real-World Scenarios

A major goal of humanoid robotics is to enable safe and reliable human-robot collaboration in realworld scenarios. In this article, we present ARMAR-6, a new high-performance humanoid robot for various tasks, including but not limited to grasping, mobile manipulation, integrated perception, bimanual collaboration, compliant-motion execution, and natural language understanding. We describe how the requirements arising from these tasks influenced our major design decisions, resulting in vertical integration during the joint hardware and software development phases. In particular, the entire hardware-including its structure, sensor-actuator units, and low-level controllers-as well as its perception, grasping and manipulation skills, task coordination, and the entire software architecture were all developed by one team of engineers. Component interaction is facilitated by our software framework ArmarX, which further facilitates the seamless integration and interchange of third-party contributions. To showcase the robot's capabilities, we present its performance in a challenging industrial maintenance scenario that requires human-robot collaboration, where the robot autonomously recognizes the human's need of help and offers said help in a proactive way.