期刊
GEOTECHNIQUE
卷 70, 期 11, 页码 1030-1047出版社
ICE PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.18.P.255
关键词
design; limit state design/analysis; numerical modelling; offshore engineering; piles & piling; soil/structure interaction
资金
- UK Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC)
- PISA industry partners under the umbrella of the offshore wind accelerator (OWA) programme
- EDF
- Vattenfall
- Van Oord
- PISA Phase 2 project
- Orsted Wind Power (formerly DONG Energy)
- Alstom Wind
- E.ON
- Equinor (formerly Statoil)
- innogy
- SPR
- Statkraft
- SSE
Offshore wind turbines in shallow coastal waters are typically supported on monopile foundations. Although three-dimensional (3D) finite-element methods are available for the design of monopiles in this context, much of the routine design work is currently conducted using simplified one-dimensional (1D) models based on the p-y method. The p-y method was originally developed for the relatively large embedded length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) piles that are typically employed in offshore oil and gas structures. Concerns exist, however, that this analysis approach may not be appropriate for monopiles with the relatively low values of L/D that are typically adopted for offshore wind turbine structures. This paper describes a new 1D design model for monopile foundations; the model is specifically formulated for offshore wind turbine applications, although the general approach could be adopted for other applications. The model draws on the conventional p-y approach, but extends it to include additional components of soil reaction that act on the pile. The 1D model is calibrated using a set of bespoke 3D finite-element analyses of monopile performance, for pile characteristics and loading conditions that span a predefined design space. The calibrated 1D model provides results that match those obtained from the 3D finite-element calibration analysis, but at a fraction of the computational cost. Moreover, within the calibration space, the 1D model is capable of delivering high-fidelity computations of monopile performance that can be used directly for design purposes. This 1D modelling approach is demonstrated for monopiles installed in a stiff, overconsolidated glacial clay till with a typical North Sea strength and stiffness profile. Although the current form of the model has been developed for homogeneous soil and monotonic loading, it forms a basis from which extensions for soil layering and cyclic loading can be developed. The general approach can be applied to other foundation and soil-structure interaction problems, in which bespoke calibration of a simplified model can lead to more efficient design.
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