Loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) - a systematic review

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening infection remaining as one of the most neglected tropical diseases around the world. Despite scientific advances, an accurate diagnosis of VL remains a challenge. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool with the possibility of becoming a point-of-care test to guide VL diagnosis and treatment. Areas covered: We conducted a systematic review assessing LAMP systems for diagnosing VL from 2000 to 2019. We performed structured searches in PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science without language restriction. Two reviewers screened articles, completed the data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias. A qualitative summary of the included studies was performed. Expert opinion: LAMP could be used as a screening test for VL diagnosis, so tissue aspiration could be performed only for those who are LAMP negative. We recommend more studies about the performance of the Loopamp (TM) Leishmania Detection kit and the Brazilian LAMP assay. Thus, we expect in the future the constitution of an international consortium to share experiences, projects, and other LAMP approaches mainly among researchers and institutions located within VL endemic countries.