The difference in sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity between older adults with 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' cardiometabolic profiles: a cross-sectional compositional data analysis approach

Background Studies have seldom used Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) to map the effects of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity on older adults' cardio-metabolic profiles. This study therefore aimed to illustrate how sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity profiles differ between older adult groups (60-89 years), with 'low' compared to those with 'high' concentrations of endocrine cardio-metabolic disease risk markers, using CoDA. Method Ninety-three participants (55% female) wore a thigh-mounted triaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive free-living days. Accelerometer estimates of daily average hours of engagement in sedentary behaviour (SB), standing, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), sporadic moderate-vigorous physical activity (sMVPA, accumulated with bouts between 1 and 10 min), 10-min moderate-vigorous physical activity ((10)MVPA, accumulated with bouts >= 10 min), in addition to self-reported sleeping hours were reported. Fasted whole blood concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and glycated haemoglobin, and serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procollagen III N-terminal propeptide were determined. Results Triglyceride concentration appeared to be highly dependent on (10)MVPA engagement as the 'low' and 'high' concentration groups engaged in 48% more and 32% less (10)MVPA, respectively, relative to the geometric mean of the entire study sample. Time-use composition of the 'low' LPL group's engagement in (10)MVPA was 26% less, while the 'high' LPL group was 7.9% more, than the entire study sample. Time-use composition of the 'high' glucose and glycated haemoglobin groups appeared to be similar as both engaged in more Sleep and SB, and less (10)MVPA compared to the study sample. Participants with a 'low' IL-6 concentration engaged in 4.8% more Sleep and 2.7% less (10)MVPA than the entire study sample. Time-use composition of the Total Cholesterol groups was mixed with the 'low' concentration group engaging in more Standing and (10)MVPA but less Sleep, SB, LIPA, and sMVPA than the entire study sample. Conclusion Older adults should aim to increase 10MVPA engagement to improve lipid profile and decrease SB engagement to improve glucose profile.