Natural and anthropogenic signatures on sedimentary organic matters across varying intertidal habitats in the Korean waters

Sedimentary organic matters in the typical intertidal areas were investigated to address year-round monthly distributions and site-specific sources. Target areas included four natural tidal flats (Ganghwa, Garolim, Sinan, and Suncheon) and one artificially closed estuary (Nakdong River), South Korea (in 2018). Among the parameters monitored, mud content was a key factor controlling organic matter contents, across varying habitats, with significant positive correlations to total organic carbon (TOC, r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and total nitrogen (TN, r = 0.44, p < 0.001). The elevated TOC and TN contents and heavier carbon stable isotope ratios (delta C-13) in sediments of Garolim and Suncheon from February to April reflected the winter microphytobenthos blooms, receiving prevailed marine sources. Whilst, the depleted delta C-13 and delta N-15 values in sediments of Nakdong River estuary were observed during flood season (September-October), indicating direct influence of terrestrial organic input through freshwater discharge. Overall, distributions and sources of sedimentary organic matters in the Korean coastal waters suggested variabilities in season and space, with anthropogenic alteration. The data accumulated in this study would provide baseline information for sediment organic carbon stocks in the Korean coastal waters and elsewhere.