期刊
ENERGY POLICY
卷 138, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111300
关键词
Certification; Guarantee of origin; Green; Hydrogen; Standard; Policy
资金
- EPSRC Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Supergen Hub [EP/J016454/1]
- EPSRC [EP/J016454/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Hydrogen can be produced from many different renewable and non-renewable feedstocks and technological pathways, with widely varying greenhouse gas emissions. For hydrogen to have a role in future low-carbon energy systems, it is necessary to demonstrate that it has sufficiently low carbon emissions. This paper explores how green hydrogen has been defined, reviews nascent green hydrogen characterisation initiatives, and highlights the main challenges that standards and guarantee of origin schemes must overcome to develop a market for green hydrogen. Most existing green hydrogen initiatives are in Europe. In anticipation of a future market for green hydrogen, international standards are starting to be discussed by national and international standardisation organisations and policy makers. A range of approaches have been taken to defining green hydrogen and guarantees of origin. These vary on whether green hydrogen must be produced from renewable energy, on the boundaries of the carbon accounting system, the emission thresholds at which hydrogen is considered green, and on which feedstocks and production technologies are included in the scheme. Decisions on these factors are often influenced by other national and international standards, and the legal framework in which the green hydrogen supply chain operates.
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