A two-stage optimization model for Park Integrated Energy System operation and benefit allocation considering the effect of Time-Of-Use energy price

The Park Integrated Energy System (PIES) integrates many types of energy, such as cooling, heating, electricity, and gas. It is an effective way to improve energy efficiency and increase clean energy consumption. However, the fluctuation of users' load demands and the complexity of the system structure limit the stable development of the PIES. Against this background, this paper introduces the Time-Of-Use (TOU) energy price and benefit allocation into the PIES, guiding users to use energy reasonably and strengthen the cooperation on the supply side. Firstly, the TOU energy price and energy policy models are constructed after constructing the PIES, which is divided into three centers: Internal Energy Supply Center (IESC), Internal Backup Energy Supply center (IBES), and Energy Conversion Center (ECC). Secondly, the first-stage operational optimization model with the objective of maximum revenue of the PIES is built. Thirdly, the second-stage benefit allocation optimization model is constructed, and it is based on an improved Shapley method. Finally, a multi-scenario case study is conducted. The results show that the TOU energy price can enhance the supply-demand match degree, improving the efficiency of energy utilization; and the improved benefit allocation model makes the revenue of participants more consistent with their contributions. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.