Novel components in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE): Status, challenges and future needs. A mini review

This mini-review presents an overall opinion of the technological challenges associated with each component of PEMWE at the cell level. State-of-the-art and a selection of novel advances in PEMWE technology are presented in order to put the performance and limitations of each component in the context followed by our perspective for strategies in the near future (short term) to alleviate the limitations associated with components in order to reduce cost and improve performance and durability.