Highly efficient solid-state emission of diphenylfumaronitriles with full-color ATE, and application in explosive sensing, data storage and WLEDs

Luminescent materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have attracted extensive attentions for their strong emission in aggregated states. Although all kinds of AIE luminogens have been recently developed, it is difficult to realize full-color AIE which is popular for the various applications in optoelectronic fields. Herein, a class of diphenylfumaronitrile core-based dyes emitting in a wide region from near ultraviolet (382 nm) to near-infrared (682 nm) have been synthesized and well characterized. It is found that the emission wavelength of the dyes severely depends on the peripheral substituent, including electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl (1), methyl (2), electron-pushing methoxyl (3), and bulky aromatic amine (7-9), and that the substituting location imposes great effect on the emission intensity of multiple-substituted dyes (4-6). Compound 4 with two methyl substituting at 3,4-position gives a ultrahigh quantum yield of 93% for unique packing structure. 1-3 and 7 can be used in explosive detecting and data storage for their emission sensitive to picric acid and external stimuli, respectively. When 4 and 8 applied in white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), a pure white emission can be obtained with 90 of CRI and (0.32, 0.32) of CIE.