High-translucent yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics are wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly

Objectives. To evaluate two-body wear of three zirconia ceramics stabilized with 3, 4 and 5 mol% yttria and to compare their wear behavior with that of a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic. Methods. Sixteen rectangular-shaped specimens made from three grades of zirconia ceramics and a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic were polished and dynamically loaded in a chewing simulator (2 kg vertical load, 2.1 Hz) under water at 90 degrees C for 1.2 x 10(6) cycles (about 7 days) in the ball-on-plate mode against steatite antagonists. Surface roughness was measured before and after wear testing. Wear tracks were scanned with a non-contact 3D profilometer and super-impositions were used to determine wear loss of the antagonists. Wear surfaces were imaged by SEM. XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize phase transformation and stress status in the worn and unworn areas of the zirconia ceramics. Results. Independent of fracture toughness, strength and aging-susceptibility, the three zirconia ceramics showed a similar and limited amount of wear (similar to 10 mu m in depth) and were more wear-resistant than the lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic (similar to 880 mu m in depth). Abrasive wear without obvious cracks was observed for all investigated zirconias, whereas the glass-ceramic with a lower fatigue threshold and high susceptibility to surface dissolution exhibited significant abrasion, fatigue and corrosion wear. All three zirconia ceramics yielded a lower antagonist wear than the glass-ceramic and no significant differences were found between the zirconia ceramics. Significance. In the context of this study, high-translucent zirconia ceramics stabilized with a higher yttria content, recently introduced in the dental field, were as wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly as conventional high-strength zirconia and suitable for monolithic restorations. (C) 2019 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.