4.7 Article

Storm-driven erosion and inundation of barrier islands from dune-to region-scales

期刊

COASTAL ENGINEERING
卷 158, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103674

关键词

XBeach; Hurricane Isabel; Outer banks; Coastal morphodynamics; ADCIRC plus SWAN

资金

  1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the North Carolina Sea Grant
  2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through the U.S. Coastal Research Program
  3. National Science Foundation [ICER-1664037]
  4. U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2015-ST-061-ND0001-01]

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Barrier islands are susceptible to erosion, overwash, and breaching during intense storms. However, these processes are not represented typically in large-domain models for storm surge and coastal inundation. In this study, we explore the requirements for bridging the gap between dune-scale morphodynamic and region-scale flooding models. A high-resolution XBeach model is developed to represent the morphodynamics during Hurricane Isabel (2003) in the North Carolina (NC) Outer Banks. The model domain is extended to more than 30 km of Hatteras Island and is thus larger than in previous studies. The predicted dune erosion is in good agreement with post-storm observed topography, and an excellent Skill Score of 0.59 is obtained on this large domain. Sensitivity studies show the morphodynamic model accuracy is decreased as the mesh spacing is coarsened in the cross-shore direction, but the results are less sensitive to the alongshore resolution. A new metric to assess model skill, Water Overpassing Area (WOA), is introduced to account for the available flow pathway over the dune crest. Together, these findings allow for upscaled parameterizations of erosion in larger-domain models. The updated topography, obtained from XBeach prediction, is applied in a region-scale flooding model, thus allowing for enhanced flooding predictions in communities along the Outer Banks. It is found that, even using a fixed topography in region-scale model, the flooding predictions are improved significantly when post-storm topography from XBeach is implemented. These findings can be generalized to similar barrier island systems, which are common along the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic coasts.

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