期刊
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
卷 24, 期 2, 页码 170-177出版社
ELSEVIER BRAZIL
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.01.004
关键词
Tungiasis; Pediculosis treatment; Sand flea disease; Dimeticone; Indigenous populations; Indigenous populations diseases
资金
- Charite University of Berlin
Epidermal parasitic skin diseases encompass scabies, pediculosis, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, and tungiasis. Tungiasis is probably the most neglected of all Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). It occurs in South America, the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa and affects marginalized populations where people live in extreme poverty. In endemic communities the prevalence can be up to 30% in general population and 85% in children. Over time, chronic pathology develops characterized by hyperkeratosis, edema around the nail rim, fissures, ulcers, deformation and loss of nails. This leads to a pattern of disabilities, eventually resulting in impairment of mobility. Dimeticones are a family of silicon oils with a potential to kill parasites located on top or inside the epidermis by a physical mode of action. They are considered the treatment of choice for pediculosis capitis and pediculosis pubis. With regard to tungiasis, the so called rear abdominal cone of the parasites has been identified as a target for treatment with dimeticones. NYDA (R), a mixture of two dimeticones with different viscosity, is the only dimeticone product for which data on the mode of action, efficacy and safety with regard to tungiasis exists. The product has been shown highly effective against embedded sand fleas, even in very intense infection with more than 500 parasites situated on top of each other. A randomized controlled trial showed that seven days after a targeted application of NYDA (R) 97% (95% CI 94-99%) of the embedded sand fleas had lost all signs of viability. Comprehensive toxicological investigations on the dimeticones contained in NYDA (R) showed that there is practically no risk of embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, and other toxicity. The safety of dimeticones was also demonstrated in clinical trials with a total of 106 participants with tungiasis, in which not a single adverse event was observed. (C) 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
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