期刊
BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
卷 16, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0874-5
关键词
Genetic diversity; Geographic distribution models; Guarani communities; Lowland South America; Maize landraces
资金
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas [CONICET PIP 11220120100416CO 2013-2015]
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) [EX178]
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT) [PICT 2012-0325]
Background: Maize landraces from South America have traditionally been assigned to two main categories: Andean and Tropical Lowland germplasm. However, the genetic structure and affiliations of the lowland gene pools have been difficult to assess due to limited sampling and the lack of comparative analysis. Here, we examined SSR and Adh2 sequence variation in a diverse sample of maize landraces from lowland middle South America, and performed a comprehensive integrative analysis of population structure and diversity including already published data of archaeological and extant specimens from the Americas. Geographic distribution models were used to explore the relationship between environmental factors and the observed genetic structure. Results: Bayesian and multivariate analyses of population structure showed the existence of two previously overlooked lowland gene pools associated with Guarani indigenous communities of middle South America. The singularity of this germplasm was also evidenced by the frequency distribution of microsatellite repeat motifs of the Adh2 locus and the distinct spatial pattern inferred from geographic distribution models. Conclusion: Our results challenge the prevailing view that lowland middle South America is just a contact zone between Andean and Tropical Lowland germplasm and highlight the occurrence of a unique, locally adapted gene pool. This information is relevant for the conservation and utilization of maize genetic resources, as well as for a better understanding of environment-genotype associations.
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