期刊
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
卷 129, 期 2, 页码 273-287出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz193
关键词
bees; bee-plant interactions; Brazil; foraging behaviour; Halictidae; Petunia mantiqueirensis; pollen presentation; pollen loads; pollination; Pseudagapostemon
资金
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [481605-2011-8, PQ 311935/2018-4, PQ 306086/2017-4]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)
Details of the foraging patterns of solitary bees are much less well known than those of social species, and these patterns are often adjusted to exploit floral resources of one or only a few species. The specialized flower-visiting bees of Petunia are good models for investigating such foraging patterns. Here we analysed the floral biology and pollen presentation schedule of the endangered Petunia mantiqueirensis in mixed Araucaria forests of Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil. Pollinators and their pollen foraging behaviour and food specialization were determined through analyses of scopa pollen loads. Flowers opened throughout the day and presented all their pollen resources within the first 30 min of anthesis, thus providing their pollen resources in an asynchronous fashion in one-flower packages throughout the day. Females of Pseudagapostemon fluminensis were the most frequent flower visitors, contacting stigmas in 96% of their visits, and were the unique effective pollinators of Petunia mantiqueirensis. These pollinators were responsible for the first three visits to 115 individually monitored flowers at any daylight hour, removing similar to 86% of a flower's total pollen supply during the first visit. Although female bees harvest the majority of pollen resources of Petunia mantiqueirensis, analyses of scopa loads revealed that most of them also collect pollen from plants of other families while foraging for pollen in Petunia flowers.
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