期刊
AMERICAN NATURALIST
卷 195, 期 5, 页码 927-933出版社
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/707719
关键词
animal communication; communication network; eaves-droppers; sensory exploitation; synchrony; illusion
资金
- A. Stanley Rand Fellowship from the STRI
- A. A. Lindsey Graduate Fellowship from Purdue University
- National Science Foundation (IOS) [1433990]
Mating signals have evolved to attract target receivers, even to the point of exploiting receivers through perceptual manipulation. Signals, however, can also expose signalers to nontarget receivers, including predators and parasites, and thus have also evolved to decrease enemy attraction. Here we show that male tree frogs (Smilisca sila) reduce their attractiveness to eavesdropping enemies (bats and midges) by overlapping their calls at near-perfect synchrony with the calls of neighboring conspecifics. By producing calls that closely follow those of other males, synchronizing S. sila take advantage of an auditory illusion where enemies are more attracted to the leading call. Female S. sila, however, are less susceptible to this illusion. Thus, synchronization among signaling males can result in acoustic crypsis from predators without affecting female attraction. Given the widespread use of conspicuous mating signals and eavesdropping enemies, perceptual exploitation of eavesdroppers is likely a common driver of signal evolution.
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