期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
卷 111, 期 4, 页码 739-748出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz344
关键词
dairy fat; cardiovascular disease risk; cholesterol profile; flow-mediated dilatation; saturated fatty acids; monounsaturated fatty acids; vascular function; reformulation; food chain approach
资金
- BBSRC [BB/I006087/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/K020218/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Background: Modifying dairy fat composition by increasing the MUFA content is a potential strategy to reduce dietary SFA intake for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in the population. Objectives: To determine the effects of consuming SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched (modified) dairy products, compared with conventional dairy products (control), on the fasting cholesterol profile (primary outcome), endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD; key secondary outcome), and other cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover 12-wk intervention was conducted. Participants with a 1.5-fold higher (moderate) CVD risk than the population mean replaced habitual dairy products with study products (milk, cheese, and butter) to achieve a high-fat, high-dairy isoenergetic daily dietary exchange [38% of total energy intake (%TE) from fat: control (dietary target: 19%TE SFA; 11%TE MUFA) and modified (16%TE SFA; 14%TE MUFA) diet]. Results: Fifty-four participants (57.4% men; mean +/- SEM age: 52 +/- 3 y; BMI: 25.8 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2)) completed the study. The modified diet attenuated the rise in fasting LDL cholesterol observed with the control diet (0.03 +/- 0.06 mmol/L and 0.19 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.03). Relative to baseline, the %FMD response increased after the modified diet (0.35% +/- 0.15%), whereas a decrease was observed after the control diet (-0.51% +/- 0.15%; P < 0.0001). In addition, fasting plasma nitrite concentrations increased after the modified diet, yet decreased after the control diet (0.02 +/- 0.01 mu mol/L and -0.03 +/- 0.02 mu mol/L, respectively; P = 0.01). Conclusions: In adults at moderate CVD risk, consumption of a high-fat diet containing SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy products for 12 wk showed beneficial effects on fasting LDL cholesterol and endothelial function compared with conventional dairy products. Our findings indicate that fatty acid modification of dairy products may have potential as a public health strategy aimed at CVD risk reduction.
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