The Properties of α-Synuclein Secondary Nuclei Are Dominated by the Solution Conditions Rather than the Seed Fibril Strain

Amyloid fibrils of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) are a component of Lewy bodies, the characteristic hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Amyloid fibrils arise through primary nucleation from monomers, which in the case of alpha-syn is often heterogeneous, followed by the growth of the nuclei by monomer addition. Secondary nucleation corresponds to the formation of new fibrils facilitated by pre-existing fibrils. While it is well-established that the newly added monomer in fibril elongation adopts the conformation of the monomers in the seed (templating), it is unclear whether fibrils formed through secondary nucleation of monomers on the surface of seed fibrils copy the structure of the parent fibril. Here we show by biochemical and microscopical methods that the secondary nucleation of alpha-syn, enabled at mildly acidic pH, leads to fibrils that structurally resemble more closely those formed de novo under the same conditions, rather than the seeds if these are formed under different solution conditions. This result has important implications for the mechanistic understanding of the secondary nucleation of amyloid fibrils and its role in the propagation of aggregate pathology in protein misfolding diseases.