HPMC/PVP Dissolving Microneedles: a Promising Delivery Platform to Promote Trans-Epidermal Delivery of Alpha-Arbutin for Skin Lightening

Alpha-arbutin is one of the most efficient skin lightener agents, which shows the effect on reducing the pigmentation by competitively inhibiting human tyrosinase. However, alpha-arbutin has difficulty in skin permeability due to its hydrophilic property. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop alpha-arbutin-loaded dissolving microneedles (DMNs) for improving the delivery of alpha-arbutin into the skin. The DMN patch was prepared using Gantrez (TM) S-97, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (PVP), chitosan, and their combinations. The optimal 8% alpha-arbutin-loaded DMNs, aside from Gantrez (TM) S-97, was successfully formulated with combination of 8% w/w HPMC and 40% w/w PVP K-90 (HPMC/PVP) at the weight ratio of 1:1. Both DMNs had 100% of penetration into porcine skin. Over 12 h of skin permeation, the flux of Gantrez (TM) S-97 DMNs and the HPMC/PVP DMNs were 66.21 mu g/cm(2)/h and 74.24 mu g/cm(2)/h, respectively. The accumulation amount of alpha-arbutin in the skin from Gantrez (TM) S-97 DMNs and HPMC/PVP DMNs was 107.76 mu g and 312.23 mu g, respectively. In comparison to the gel formulations, Gantrez (TM) S-97 DMNs and HPMC/PVP DMNs increase the delivery of alpha-arbutin across the skin approximately 2 and 4.7 times, respectively. In vivo studies found that alpha-arbutin-loaded HPMC/PVP DMNs delivered more alpha-arbutin into the skin than commercial cream. Moreover, the skin can reseal naturally after removal of DMNs patch without any signs of infection and remain stable in accelerated conditions for 4 weeks. Accordingly, alpha-arbutin-loaded HPMC/PVP DMNs could be a promising delivery platform for promoting trans-epidermal delivery of alpha-arbutin for skin lightening.